Physical SQL Server 2000 Database Architecture - pappuyaar.com

SQL Server 2000

Physical SQL Server 2000 Database Architecture

You work as a database developer for Certkiller .com. Certkiller .com is an online
training provider and its network consists of a single Active Directory domain
named Certkiller .com. All servers on the Certkiller .com network run Microsoft
Windows Server 2000 and the database servers run Microsoft SQL Server 2000.
You are designing a database for Certkiller .com. This database base must
accommodate the customers who want to make reservations online or by phone to
sit for examinations. To make a reservation, a new customer is required to provide
his/her name, telephone number, address and relevant examination information.
This relevant information includes details like certification, preferred dates and
times. Once a reservation has been confirmed, the customer will receive a unique
customer number, a unique reference number that pertains to the reservation, and
accurate examination information. This accurate information include details such as
vendor, examination number, name of certification, data and time of the
reservation.
1. To make another reservation at a later time, the customer must provide his/her
customer number.
2. To enquire about an existing reservation or to change it, the customer must
provide the reservation's reference number.
The database must be normalized to the third normal form. To this end you need to
decide on which tables you should create in the database.
What should you do?

A. Create a Customers table that contains only the columns for the CustomerID, Name,
Address and Telephone number.
B. Create a Reservations table that contains only the columns for the CustomerID, Name,
Address, Telephone number, reference number, vendor, examination number,
examination date and reservation date.
C. Create an Examinations table that contains only the columns for the vendor,
examination number, examination date and time and certification.
D. Create a Reservations table that contains only the columns for the CustomerID,
certification, vendor, examination number, examination date and reservation date.

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Answer: A

Explanation: Normalization is usually applied to OLTP systems which are usually
subject to extensive additions, deletions and modifications of data because in many
situations normalization improves database performance.
A First Normal Form for a database is when no table has columns that define similar
attributes and if no columns contains multiple values in a single row.
A Second Normal Form for a database is if it complies with the first normal form; and
also if each column that is not part of a primary key depends on all of the columns that
are covered by the primary key in that table and not a subset of the columns that are
covered by the primary key.
The Third Normal Form for a database is when it complies with the second normal form
and if, in each table, columns that are not covered by the primary key do not depend on
each other.
In this scenario:
Customers constitute a separate entity that is independent of all other relevant entities. -
thus you should create a Customers Table and include in it only the columns that specify
information pertinent to the individual customer. This information would include details
like name, address and telephone number. In order to uniquely identify each customer
and avoid including redundant data, you should include a column for CustomerID in the
Customers table.
Incorrect answers:
B: Each reservation is uniquely identified by a reference number. Thus the column for
the reference number should be defined as the primary key for a Reservations table. If
you include the customer information in each reservation record presented by a row in
the Reservations table, then the columns for the customer's name, address and telephone
number would depend on the column for the customer number. This would thus violate
the requirements of the third normal form.
C: Each individual occurrence of an examination is uniquely identified by the vendor, by
the examination number and the examination date and time, thus a composite primary
key should be created on these three columns. The certification, however depends only
on the vendor and the examination number and does not depend on examination date and
time. Thus if you creates an Examinations table as posed in option C, then the database
would violate the requirements of the second normal form.
D: If you included the column for the certification in the Reservations table then the
database would fail to comply with the third normal form because then the certification
will depend on the vendor and examination number.
Reference:
Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Books Online (2004), Contents: Creating and Maintaining
Databases, "Databases", "Database Design Considerations," "Normalization."
Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Books Online (2004), Contents: Creating and Maintaining
Databases, "Tables", "Designing Tables," "Fundamentals of Relational Database
Design."